Plasma cell leukemia
نویسندگان
چکیده
Paciente do gênero feminino, 74 anos, procurou o hospital com quadro de insuficiência renal e lesões líticas em coluna vertebral, sendo feito diagnóstico de mieloma múltiplo IgG kappa. Na ocasião, observaram-se monossomia do cromossomo 13 e rearranjo do IgH no FISH. A paciente foi submetida a cinco ciclos de VMP (bortezomibe, melfalan e prednisona) com resposta com pleta; foi iniciada a manutenção com bortezomibe. No entanto, 18 meses depois, a paciente retornou com quadro de astenia e leucocitose. No esfregaço de sangue periférico, foram observadas células atípicas de características plasmocitoides, compatível com leucemia de células plasmocitárias (LCP) (Figuras 1 e 2). A LCP é uma desordem linfoproliferativa rara, que se caracteriza pela presença de mais de 20% de plasmócitos em sangue periférico(1). Essa doença pode ser primária, mas, em 40%, há o diagnóstico prévio de mieloma múltiplo. Morfologicamente, as células plasmocitárias são ovais, com citoplasma basofílico abundante e núcleo redondo e excêntrico, com cromatina em forma de “roda de carroça”, sem nucleólo. Formas mais imaturas podem apresentar cromatina dispersa, nucléolo proeminente e uma alta relação núcleo-citoplasmática. O prognóstico dos pacientes com LCP é ruim, com sobrevida média de 18 a 20 meses, principalmente nos casos de doença secundária, nos quais é comum o achado de alterações citogenéticas de mau prognóstico, co mo del(17p) e perda do p53(2). A paciente foi submetida à quimioterapia de resgate, sem resposta, e, posteriormente, a família optou pelo tratamento paliativo.
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